Other Businesses

Why Cambodia?

Located in the heart of Southeast Asia, a region experiencing a gigantic economic growth over the past few decades, Cambodia presents an attractive destination for starting a business. Factors such as low labour cost, low startup cost, liberal government policies, and a pool of untapped resources and markets, add to the charm of the country that offers one of the region’s most open economies to foreign investment.

Low tax rates, investment incentives, and a one-stop-service for qualified investments, further reinforce the government’s commitment to attracting foreign capital.

The country, as a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), benefits from very low tariffs on most goods traded with its neighbour countries. However, by 2018, the ASEAN Free Trade Area aims to completely eliminate all tariffs.

Also, as a WTO member and least-developed country (LDC), Cambodia benefits from preferential access to some of the world’s richest markets for a number of products.

How to Start

Every company conducting commercial activities in Cambodia must be registered with the right authorities. The registration requirement depends on field of business one chooses.

In most cases, these are the steps followed for registration:

Step 1. Register business with the Ministry of Commerce.

Step 2. To receive incentives, register the investment project with CDC (Council for the Dovelopment of Cambodia). The registration process requires preparing a large volume of documentation (for example, the Memorandum and Articles of Association) in Khmer language that has to be submitted with the application form to register a business.

Step 3. Register the address of the business with City Hall.

At the end of the above-mentioned steps, the business will receive a registration certificate indicating a company identification number. The process usually takes three weeks.

Major Industries: Garments, Tourism, Petroleum, Agriculture, Wood Processing, Telecommunications, Food Processing, Construction, Footwear

Indian Companies in Cambodia: Bank of India, Curewel International Co., Ltd., Data Management Centre, East India Curry Restaurant (Cambodia) Pte Ltd., Futurelinks International Pte Ltd., Helaol Pharmaceuticals Imp Exp Co., Ltd., Kirloskar Brothers Limited

Scope for Indian business: While Indian companies have immense scope in exporting raw materials used for pharmaceutical products, garment industry, machinery and automobile components, Cambodians can tap the rubber and fish 

product markets.

Additionally, agriculture, food processing, tourism, hospitality, education, IT (Information Technology) and infrastructure are the key areas of trade between India and Cambodia.

Things to know when dealing with Cambodians:

• Senior person must always be treated with respect and deference.

• It is good to have one side of the business card translated in Khmer.

• Good interpretation skills are a necessity when dealing with Cambodians.

• Handshakes are normal. However, a firm hand-shake could be construed as aggressive.

• When interacting with females, eye contact must be kept to a minimum.

By http://www.dare.co.in/

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Internet Business

Company Profile

Ezecom was founded to serve the rapidly expanding business and home user market in Cambodia. Launched in 2007, Ezecom has since become a leading provider for a wide variety of innovative communication services.

Ezecom's mission is “To be the premium provider of world class telecommunications and data services in Cambodia, whilst achieving a high standard of Corporate Social Responsibility”. 

Technology

Our company has incorporated its own fibre optic and WiMAX network with Internet, VoIP, VPN and a custom built world class Data Centre. Recognizing the need for high quality, hassle free, reliable internet services, Ezecom invested in a multitude of high quality infrastructures. These critical investments ensure a level of performance suited to the most demanding modern corporate customers. These innovative solutions along with the complete package of services Ezecom offers corporations, office and home users, has made us the leader in our field.

Corporate Social Responsibility

Besides our strong technical foundation, Ezecom is actively stimulating the growth of the Cambodian community. Ezecom believes in growth, not only within our company and for our staff but also for the entire community in which we do business. That is why Ezecom has chosen to be an active partner in the Cambodian community, through a variety of sponsorships. Please visit our website for an up to date overview of Ezecom's partnerships

Customer Service

It is our pleasure to provide you with the best and most reliable internet connection in Cambodia, supported by our world class customer service team. With EZECOM as a partner, you and your organization can benefit from our robust communication infrastructure.

If you have any questions regarding your connection or if you are in need of technical support please feel free to call our helpdesk.

Khmer / English speaking help desk number (24/7):

023 888 181      

English speaking help desk number (Mon - Fri: 8:00am - 5:30pm. Sat: 8:00am - 12.00am)

089 777 696      

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Property Business

Tourist growth helps boost property market in Cambodia

The number of tourists visiting Cambodia has increased in the first half of this year with authorities now predicting more than 2.3 million visitors for 2008.

The Ministry of Tourism said numbers were up more than 14% compared with last year. A spokesman said political stability and infrastructure improvements had increased the number of tourist arrivals to the country. Some $1.64 billion is expected to be generated in 2008 from tourism alone.

According to specialists this means a boost for those with buy-to-let property in the country as these latest figures are part of a trend. Visitor numbers reached 2 million in 2006, and rose a further 20% in 2007.

'This sustained and aggressive growth in the tourist sector, as well as booming construction, property and garment manufacturing sectors is helping the country's economy to enjoy near double-digit growth,' said a spokesman for David Stanley Redfern.

The real estate sector, in particular, is growing at a phenomenal rate and no more so than in the capital Phnom Penh where land doubled last year to $3,000 per square metre, up from just $500 in 2000. 'Add to this the growth in the tourism sector and rental yields in the city are also expected to grow,' he added.

Once known as the 'Pearl of Asia', Phnom Penh is a significant global and domestic tourist destination for Cambodia. The city is the wealthiest and most populous in the country; it's commercial, political and cultural hub and is home to more than two million people.

French villas along tree-lined boulevards remind the visitor of its colonist heritage, yet its oldest structure is the Wat Phnom from the founding days of the city, constructed in 1373. The French however, certainly left their mark and parts of the city are filled with colonial villas, French churches, boulevards, and famous landmarks such as the Art deco market Phsar Thom Thmei and the Hotel Le Royal.

Proving popular are apartments in the chic riverside French quarter from as little as £49,000. These authentic French colonial period buildings have been completely refurbished and modernised and are expected to appreciate by 15 to 20% per year. The developer is currently offering a rental guarantee of 9% for the first two years, making this a safe investment in an aggressively growing market. by http://www.propertywire.com

Cambodia introduces new regulations for developers and real estate agents

New regulations are being introduced in Cambodia to protect property investors from fraud as the country's real estate industry booms.

Developers will be required to deposit a sum with the National Bank of Cambodia before being allowed to begin construction on a project under new regulations aimed at curbing fraud.

Payments from buyers will be held in this account with the aim of making the whole payment system more transparent and avoid developers using money illegally. It will also allow the government to intervene if developers fail to honour their contracts.

Real estate agents and developers will have to obtain a licence from the Ministry of Economy and Finance to sell projects and face legal action and even closure if they fail to do so.

The new rules mean developers and agents must comply by the end of September, a spokesman for the Economy and Finance ministry said.

There will be costs to the developers and agents involved but officials believe this will deter cowboys. 'Real estate developers will be required to deposit 2% of the projects' total value at the National Bank of Cambodia,' said Mao Pao deputy chief of the ministry's real estate division. http://www.propertywire.com

Law change will benefit foreign property investors in Cambodia

Foreigners could be allowed to buy property freehold in Cambodia by the end of 2008 under an amendment to the property laws being considered by the Government.

Nuth Nurang, Secretary of State at Cambodia's Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction said growing demand has fueled the decision.

Currently the best option for foreigner investors is to buy on a leasehold tenure of up to 99 years. Another option is to form a company with Cambodian partners but this carries complex tax issues and needs to be considered carefully.

The announcement from the Government means that even those buying now won't miss out. It is possible to draw up a contract that includes an option to buy freehold when the new law comes in.

That is exactly what David Stanley Redfern is doing. Their French Colonial Apartments in the capital Phnom Penh are on a 99 year leasehold tenure. The contract includes the option to buy the properties freehold if and when the law is amended. They expect that foreigners will be buying freehold in Cambodia before the end of the year, if not sooner.

The change in ownership law is likely to blow the Cambodian property market wide open. It comes at a time when multinational companies are not only setting up shop in the emerging market, but are making Cambodia their South East Asian operations hub.

This is likely to have a big effect on the economy. The big banks, for example, often have to pay more to get the best out of their workforce, and they are also giving perks like health insurance and dental plans. Staff are getting promoted and getting pay-rises to keep them in the company.

It means that Cambodian's in stable and well paid employment have money to spend on their accommodation, rented or bought. Talk of some of the big car companies opening operations in Cambodia can only add to a higher standard of living and a positive effect on property prices.

'We will require a developer to open a housing development account at any commercial bank to enable buyers to make payments through the bank,' he added.

The price for the new licences for selling or renting will depend on the scale of the project. Until now developers only needed a letter of permission from the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction and an investment licence from the Council for the Development of Cambodia.

There are estimated to be around 100 developers currently operating in Cambodia, many of them quite small. Some said the new regulations will be too costly and put them out of business.

Capital Phnom Penh has undergone an unprecedented construction boom over the last several years, including a number of residential and commercial mega-projects that are set to transform the capital from a sleepy backwater. Text by http://www.propertywire.com

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Business Consultant Firm

Cam Asia Group

COMPANY OVERVIEW

Cam Asia Group is a Corporate Business Consulting and Investment Advisory Firm, which serves clients both locally and internationally. We have established a record of innovation and excellence for our work with a diverse set of industries and economic sectors. The intelligent economy demands new approaches to doing business. Market conditions are changing quickly, and the competitive factors are intensifying. Corporations are seeking innovation and speed to capture market opportunities and meet innovative challenges.

The Consulting Group provides full range of professional business advisory services to support your entry or expansion plans in Asia or any part of the World. It has years of experience working in different parts of Asia and the world. We know how to navigate the bureaucratic waters, speed up the process of government approvals, and gain critical market information. With our corporate office and links around the world, we are able to multiply access to opportunities and greatly enhance our clients' expansion efforts and act as your Virtual Corporate Management Team.

The Group assists, entrée to key government and industry leaders who are influential in the foreign investment decision-making process. We actually maneuvers within the system to build relationships with influential government bodies on behalf of our clients, facilitating partner selection and providing project development, due diligence, and strategic insight.

We bring to our clients new ideas, new business models, and a new perspective. In doing so, we support the transition by actually facilitating the implementation of the solutions. Our clients, by taking advantage of our unique services, can significantly reduce their investment risk and increase their opportunities for long-term business plans and success.

WHY CAM ASIA GROUP | Business Expertise

Business decisions determine your future

Great companies have all faced great challenges and the right business consulting firm will make a difference between failure and success. Cam Asia Group is a business consulting firm and has the reputation of being the leading business consulting firm in the areas of financial and operational change, product issues and market changes.

The right business consulting firm should not only be capable of identifying corporate change, but should also be able to help implement change through financial and strategic business planning.

Our knowledge is based on many years of experience, providing our clients with the "Bon Bon Edge." We are recognized as one of the premier business advisory firms in the arena of Business Consulting and  Global Investment Services. The professionals in our offices have managed numerous client relationships on both a local and international scale.

Understanding business, strategic needs and flawless execution is what Cam Asia Group services is all about. We help our clients understand what has to be done and then help them do it. It is about understanding the landscape, monitoring the inflection points and executing changes in order to win tomorrow.

CAM ASIA Consulting Group Co., Ltd.

#50A, Street 334, Sangkat Boeng Keng Kang 1,

Khan Chamkar Mon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Tel:  855 23 993 248 

Fax: 855 23 993 248

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Investing in Cambodia

The government has solved many problems related to the business and investment climate in Cambodia such as the reimbursement of value-added tax for exported goods,  extension of tax holidays for garment factories, requirements for bank licensing, and the extension of accommodation tax exemption for the tourism industry. However, the main challenge the country will face over the next 10 years is the reduction of corruption and the strengthening of good governance at central and provincial levels.

Government priority is to increase access to international markets by integrating the Cambodian economy into the regional and world economy;  rehabilitate and develop   roads, airports, ports and other infrastructure including water supply, electricity distribution and telecommunication networks; and strengthen the legal framework, institutional capacity, investment and business facilitation.

These developments will enable the government to better exploit the potential of Cambodia's prime investment sectors which include: agriculture, agro-industries, minerals, processing, manufacturing, service,  tourism and labour-intensive industries.

The Emergence of Cambodia 

by Bretton Sciaroni, Lawyer & Senior Partner

Sciaroni & Associates

The emergence of Cambodia in recent years as a high growth economy seemed to take all by surprise. The double digit growth enjoyed by Cambodia in much of this decade has warranted a great deal of commentary, and even the delayed impact of the international financial crisis has not dampened the interest of many companies in this exotic investment destination. In the past two years, many blue chip enterprises have discovered this small country in South East Asia, with such luminaries as Dupont, Cargill, General Electric, Mitsubishi, Microsoft, Intel, Crown Cork, Abbott and others setting up offices in Cambodia. And despite the international economic downturn, international corporations continue to come to Cambodia to take a look.

What explains this seemingly sudden interest in the kingdom? After the foundation of the new Cambodia a decade and one-half ago, why is there international attention now? The sudden burst of interest is due to the establishment of a track record which did not exist after the 1993 UNTAC election. In fact, there are multiple track records which have attracted the attention of worldwide business. Consider the following track records, all of which contribute to the interest expressed by any number of multinational corporations:

Diplomatic track record: Cambodia has methodically reintegrated into the region and the world. It has joined a number of international organisations and adopted a number of international conventions to join the community of nations. Among the more important diplomatic events that have occurred include:

- Asean (30 April 1999): Cambodia joined the preeminent regional organisation – the Association of South East Asian Nations – as the organisation moved beyond its Cold War origins and became an entity that was truly representative of the region.

- WTO (13 October 2004): Although Cambodia was the 148th member of the World Trade Organisation, it was only the 2nd LDC (less developed country) to be granted membership. And it was done so without having all of the WTO-compliant laws in place, but the commitment was made by Cambodia to enact the necessary laws and regulations to make it compliant.

- WIPO (July 1995): Although Cambodia joined the World Intellectual Property Organisation shortly after the creation of the new government, the necessary laws were not enacted until 2002-2003.

These memberships are indicative of the modern drive by the Royal Government of Cambodia to take the diplomatic actions necessary for it to become reintegrated into the world.

Political Track Record: Since the internationally orchestrated national election in 1993, Cambodia has had a series of elections, each judged by independent observers as being more fair and well-run than the previous election. There have been four such national elections, with the most recent being in July 2008. In addition, other local elections have been held. Furthermore, most of the senior officials in the Royal Government have held the same or similar positions in mandate after mandate, again lending to the political stability of the government.

Legal and Regulatory Track Record: Even before accession to WTO, the Royal Government set about to enact the necessary laws and regulations that are the building blocks of a modern economy. Previously, Cambodia either did not have the necessary laws or they were out of date. Now the legal structure that supports commercial activities is being modernised. Even before accession to WTO, there were important commercial laws being enacted. These included:

- Law on Investment (1994)

- Labour Law (1997)

- Banking Law (1999)

- Property Law (2001)

However, the drive to accede to WTO and to become WTO-compliant provided the Royal Government with a checklist of important commercial laws and regulations to enact. And these have been enacted on a regular basis:

- Trademarks, copyrights, and patent laws (2001-2003)

- Law on Commercial Enterprises (2005)

- Law on Negotiable Instruments (2005)

- Law on Commercial Arbitration (2006)

- Law on Government Bonds (2006)

- Law on Secured Transactions (2007)

- Law on Insolvency (2007)

These are only some of the laws that have been enacted in recent years that will contribute to economic growth. What any potential investor can see in this list and other regulations enacted in recent years is the commitment of the government to getting all of the laws in place that are necessary to build a modern economy. While Cambodia does not have all of the laws and regulations enacted, it clearly is working toward that end, and this gives investors confidence in the policies of the Cambodian government.

Thus, track records exist: economic growth is measurable and impressive over the years. Cambodia is joining the legitimate regional and international organisations that will integrate it into the world economy. Political stability can be seen through the electoral process and tenure in the senior positions of the government. And there is a legislative track record over the years.

But these are not the only reasons that explain why Cambodia remains an attractive investment destination. There are other, less tangible reasons why investors continue to go to Cambodia to investigate the business environment.

First, after the tragic recent history of Cambodia, opportunity abounds. There is much that can be done in Cambodia that is either not being done or is not being done well.

Second, since the Prime Minister, Samdech Hun Sen, initiated the Government-Private Sector Forum in 1999 (and a system of sectoral working groups in 2000), there are mechanisms for dialogue and problem-solving between the Royal Government and the business community. This system of consultation is indicative of the open and pro-business approach of the Royal Government. The senior officials want the economy to grow, and realise that the private sector must be considered a partner in this endeavour. 

For all of these reasons – both tangible and intangible – Cambodia remains an attractive newcomer to an already robust Asian economic system. It will continue to command our attention for some time to come.

Sciaroni & Associates

www.sa-cambodia.com

by http://www.investincambodia.com

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B2B Marketplace

www.keyforbiz.com
Connecting buyers & sellers

www.keyforbiz.com is a one stop website for connecting buyers & Sellers worldwide. We offer a complete business tool such as B2B Marketplace, Business for Sales, Business for Rent and Classified Ads with the aim to facilitate your online businesses, increase your markets and sell your products and businesses faster than ever. By advertising with keyforbiz.com, you can promote your company's products and services to a highly targeted potential audience searching for products, suppliers & buyers.

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Start a business

1-Deposit the legally required initial capital in a bank and obtain deposit evidence. 

Initial capital of KHR 4 million must be paid in before registration at any authorized bank in Cambodia. The bank must provide a bank statement certifying the deposit. There is no time limit for the firm to pay the entire amount. 

2- Check the uniqueness of the company name 

The uniqueness of the company name is usually researched at the Department of Business Registration of the Ministry of Commerce. 

3- Have an abstract of the company organization documents (bylaws, memorandum, and articles of association) published in a recognized public newspaper 

A director, a shareholder, or a proxy with mandate shall prepare an application for publication in a state-recognized newspaper, which includes the following: 

- Company name (and abbreviation, if any).

- Company form.

- Summary of business objectives.

- Company term. 

- Total capital in cash. 

- Director(s) full name, occupation, nationality, and address. 

- Location of company to be registered.

The confirmed approval of the newspaper announcement and application document shall be kept on file (at least three copies) for registration. 

4- Incorporate the company with the Commercial Register, maintained at the Office of the Clerk of the Commercial Court 

The memorandum and articles of association shall be prepared based on the company form and consistent with applicable law, regulations, and the standards set for such documents by the Ministry of Commerce. These documents shall be submitted in triplicate with original copies, as required (one copy each filed at the Commercial Court, the company’s registered office, and the Ministry’s Legal Affairs Division).

The memorandum and articles of association must include the following information:

- Company name.

- Corporate form.

- Business objectives.

- Company duration.

- Registered office.

- Stated capital in Khmer currency and shareholding.

- Name, address, and nationality of shareholders and director.

- Transfer and shares transfer.

- Accounts.

- Dissolution of company.

- Change of company legal form.

- Announcement of company establishment.

The following documents must be presented to the Ministry’s Registrar in the specified quantity:

- Registration forms for registration (model): three sets.

- Copy of identity card or passport of each company member: three sets.

- Photo (4” x 6”) of each company member: three sets.

- Reference letter from a particular bank, clarifying the minimum capital KHR 4,000,000: one original.

- Articles of incorporation: three sets.

- Application for newspaper announcement: three sets.

- Declaration of nonguilt of directors: three sets.

In 2006 the Ministry streamlined registration application requirements by eliminating the need for a statement of conformity and local government approvals. 

The Ministry publishes the company formation notice in the Official Gazette. During the transitional period in which the Kingdom has no Commercial Court, the organization and maintenance of the Commercial Register and the governance of the capacity to conduct commerce, as provided by law, is entrusted to the Ministry of Commerce. All commercial matters are under the jurisdiction of the ordinary courts and ministry officials. 

The time for commercial registration may vary. 

5- Make a company seal 

The Ministry of Commerce issues a seal to the company together with the registration certificate. 

6- Have registration documents stamped and approved by Phnom Penh Tax Department 

Approved company registration documents from the Ministry of Commerce must be stamped and approved by the Phnom Penh Tax Branch before going to the Real Regime Tax Office for VAT and patent registration. A copy of the lease agreement also must be provided to that branch. 

7- Register the company for VAT and patent at the Real Regime Tax Office 

A tax registration form and related document must be completed with the assistance of the Real Regime Tax personnel, and copies of commercial registration documents must be provided. 

8- Notify the Ministry of Labor of the start of operations and hiring of employees 

All businesses must submit a written declaration to Ministry of Labor before their actual opening. All employers must submit a written declaration to the Ministry of Labor when hiring or dismissing an employee, within 15 days of the date of hiring or termination at the latest. In addition, each enterprise with at least eight employees must have established internal regulations that adapt such general provisions of the labor code as conditions of hiring and calculation and payment of wages and perquisites, including in-kind benefits, work hours, health and safety measures, and personal leave, including holidays. The internal regulations must be filed within 3 months of firm opening. All establishments must maintain a payroll ledger, a declaration of personnel, a book of establishment, and labor regulations (in Khmer version). As required by law, local employees shall be provided with a “labor book” upon completing a physical examination at the Labor Health Center (KHR 10,000 for each employee, which is usually covered by the employer). 

The procedure cost covers five processes (a) Announcing the opening of a new company and registering it with the Ministry of Labor; (b) declaring of staff (updated as necessary); (c) developing internal regulations; (d) obtaining the payroll ledger and book (record) of establishment; (e) electing staff delegates; (f) filing employment contracts; (g) obtaining employee handbooks and work permits for foreign employees; (h) registering with the National Social Security Fund ("NSSF"); (i) paying contributions for staff to the NSSF and obtaining occupational risk insurance cards. 

9- Receive inspection from Labor Inspector 

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Sihanoukville

Sihanoukville, also known as Kampong Saom, is a province in southern Cambodia on the Gulf of Thailand. This port city is a growing Cambodian urban center, located 185 kilometres (115 mi) southwest of the Cambodian capital, Phnom Penh. The province is named after King Father Norodom Sihanouk and grew up around the construction of Sihanoukville Port. Construction on the port began in June 1955 and it was the only deep water port in Cambodia. The port was built in part due to the waning power of the French leading to the Vietnamese tightening their control over the Mekong Delta and hence restricting river access to Cambodia. Sihanoukville's beaches have made it a popular tourist destination.

The province is served by Sihanoukville International Airport, 18 kilometres (11 mi) from downtown, although it has a limited commercial operation. The planned flights between Sihanoukville and Siem Reap may encourage visitors to Angkor temples in Siem Reap to extend their stay, though the crash of a charter flight in Phnom Damrey on 25 June 2007 from Siem Riep, has caused concerns. The flights are scheduled to start on December 14, 2011.

Sihanoukville attracts tourists with its relaxed beach atmosphere when compared to Thailand's more developed ones. However, the city has attracted not only tourists, but several NGOs and foreign and national investors in the last years in order to develop not only the growing tourist industry, but its capacity as an international sea port and other sectors like textile and real estate. In Sihanoukville is also located the main factory of Angkor Beer, the Cambodian national beer.

Sihanoukville was the place of the last official battle of the United States army in the Vietnam War, although the incident took place outside Vietnam. It is known as the Mayagüez incident on May 12–15, 1975 between the US forces and the Khmer Rouge. Currently, visitors dive in Koh Tang, one of the Sihanoukville islands where the major battle to free the SS Mayagüez took place. Divers can see two shipwrecks 40 metres (130 ft) down.

On 22 December 2008, King Norodom Sihamoni signed a Royal Decree that changed the municipalities of Kep, Pailin and Sihanoukville into provinces, as well as adjusting several provincial borders.

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Cambodia Rice

Cambodia has recently re-entered the world market as a rice exporting nation, following a 30-year hiatus caused by war, political isolation, and a decimated agricultural sector. A resurgence of rice cultivation is occurring all across the nation’s vast lowlands, as the rural population expands and previously abandoned or mined farmland is brought back into production. Rice production growth in Cambodia over the past 10-12 years has been surprisingly strong, increasing at a 9 percent annual growth rate. At the same time, rice exports have increased from zero in MY 2000/01 to an estimated 800,000 tons this year (MY 2009/10). Given the country’s recent success in achieving surplus rice production, the Cambodian government is intent on expanding its production and export capacity and becoming a major rice export nation. Public statements by government ministers in the last year indicate that Cambodia wants to double rough rice production by 2015 to approximately 15.0 million tons (9.45 million milled basis) and export 8.0 million (5.0 million tons milled rice). Although it is apparent that Cambodia has all the required natural resources (ample land and water) to make this possible, serious constraints plague the nation’s rice sector and its future growth potential is uncertain. Analysts from the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS), the Economic Research Service, and the U.S. Embassy in Phnom Penh investigated rice production prospects in Cambodia and the outlook for continued growth in the sector during recent travel in the country. 

Rice farmers in Cambodia are predominantly subsistence producers, with the World Bank estimating only 40 percent of growers are generally capable of generating a marketable surplus. Average national rice crop yields are among the lowest in Southeast Asia, despite a decade of very strong growth following the gradual adoption of improved varieties and expanded use of irrigation. Chemical fertilizer use is extremely low and native soils are often very infertile. The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) estimates that Cambodia has the lowest rate of fertilizer use for rice in Southeast Asia, with only about 30 percent of total area receiving even minimal applications. Virtually all land fertilized receives well-below recommended levels of nutrients. The majority of farm producers do not have officially documented land titles, and therefore have diminished capacity to secure affordable lines of credit for either crop production or land improvements (irrigation). The severe shortage of agricultural credit in Cambodia is crippling rice producers capacity to continue to increase productivity and output, due to their inability to adequately finance purchases of improved higher-yielding seed, fertilizer, pesticides, farm machinery, and grain storage equipment. Expansion of cultivated acreage is also becoming problematic owing to a gradual decline in the rural labor force. An expanding national economy has resulted in a net migration to urban areas in recent years, and rapidly increasing rural labor costs. Farmers, government officials, and development authorities indicated that there was a critical manpower shortage during periods of peak demand for rice cultivation (planting, transplanting, harvesting) and that further growth in national acreage would require a substantial increase in farm mechanization.

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Community & Eco tourism

Ecotourism in Cambodia? Community based tourism in Cambodia? Whilst Cambodia is best known for the mighty Angkor Wat temples, beyond these temples the natural beauty of the country is waiting to be discovered. Cambodia offers many opportunities for adventure travel, ecotourism, and community based tourism such as: trekking in tropical forests; homestays with ethnic highlanders; sighting rare wildlife; water-based adventures on rivers and beaches; cycling along dirt roads through traditional villages, and more…

Cambodia has unique ecosystems and impressive landscapes within the country’s 23 protected areas, from pristine beaches and coral reefs to evergreen and deciduous forests. Its abundant natural resources and rich biodiversity hold huge untapped potential for eco-tourism development. Because of decades of war and isolation Cambodia’s countryside remains largely unexplored by travellers. Ecotourism and community based tourism in Cambodia are new introductions for the traveller with a sense of adventure.

There are over 60 rare of endangered species of wildlife in Cambodia, many of which are now extinct elsewhere in South East Asia, including: the Asian Elephant; Tiger; Clouded and Common Leopards, Asiatic Black Bear; Asiatic Wild Dog; Eld’s Deer; Irrawaddy Dolphin; Siamese Crocodile; Banteng; Bengal Florican; Douc Langur; Pileated Gibbon; Elongated Tortoise; Freshwater Sawfish; Giant Catfish; Giant Carp; Grey Ox; Javan; and Sumatran Rhinoceros. Cambodia’s seasonally flooded forests also provide an ideal habitat for several highly endangered water birds: the White Shouldered Ibis; Sarus Crane; and the Greater and Lesser Adjutant Storks.

Community and ecotourism in Cambodia is helping to protect this wildlife as well as the natural environment and local cultures while offering opportunities for much needed employment and sustainable development to poor, often remote, local communities. A much welcomed alternative to the exploitation of the wildlife and local natural resources.

Come to discover the ‘real’ Cambodia, enjoy its wildlife, learn about the different cultures whilst chatting with local villagers, and become a part of the solution by supporting ecotourism in Cambodia!

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About Siem Reap

Siem Reap is the capital city of Siem Reap Province in northwestern Cambodia, and is the gateway to Angkor region.

Siem Reap has colonial and Chinese-style architecture in the Old French Quarter, and around the Old Market. In the city, there are traditional Apsara dance performances, craft shops, silk farms, rice-paddy countryside, fishing villages and a bird sanctuary near the Tonle Sap Lake.

Siem Reap today, being a popular tourist destination, has a large number of hotels and restaurants. Most smaller establishments are concentrated around the Old Market area, while more expensive hotels are located between Siem Reap-Angkor International Airport and the town along National Road 6. There are a variety of mid-range hotels and restaurants along Sivatha boulevard, and mid budget to mid-range hotels in the Phsar Leu area.

Angkor Wat

Angkor Wat (Wat temple) is the central feature of the Angkor UNESCO World Heritage Site containing the magnificent remains of the Khmer civilization. Angkor Wat's rising series of five towers culminates in an impressive central tower that symbolizes mythical Mount Meru. Thousands of feet of wall space are covered with intricate carving depicting scenes from Hindu mythology.

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About Phnom Penh

Phnom Penh is the capital and largest city of Cambodia, located at the confluence of the Mekong and the Tonle Sap rivers.Once a rough change for western visitors, Phnom Penh has seriously improved over the past few years. Don't forget that the country was devastated by the Khmer Rouge. Infrastructure may still lacking in some areas and you'll find rubbish, potholes and dust in secondary streets as well as beggars and touts. As everywhere in Asia traffic can be risky but it is fairly light compared to busy cities like Bangkok or Ho Chi Minh.

The city is slowly gaining high rise buildings and traffic lights, while still retaining some of the beauty that made it a Paris of the East before 1970. The city's few French colonial buildings are beautiful: thus a handful of its streetscapes make for a pleasant walk. There are some beautiful wide boulevards, and a parklike riverfront with cafés and restaurants aplenty. The standard tourist sights are few but as a place to relax, watch the streetlife and absorb local color, Phnom Penh is a worthwhile destination for those who enjoy an 'edge' experience and can brave the downsides - which are Asia's worst driving, noise, dust and perennial theft.

Weather is hot and humid, with showers in the late afternoon in the rainy season.

History

Those who find Phnom Penh's current state lacking should recall the terrible times the city has been through in recent decades. In 1975 it was choked with up to 2 million refugees from the war between the then U.S.-backed government and the Khmer Rouge. Following the fall to the Khmer Rouge in 1975, it was completely emptied of civilians and allowed to crumble for several years. Most of the small class of skilled professionals had been murdered by Pol Pot, or driven into exile.

As Cambodia's economy has risen, a new rich class has arisen in Phnom Penh, and a crop of new hotels and restaurants has opened to accommodate them and the tourist trade. There is now a large gulf between the very rich and the very poor, largely due to Cambodia's all-pervasive corruption.

Orientation

All of Phnom Penh's streets are numbered, although some major thoroughfares have names as well. The scheme is simple: odd-numbered streets run north-south, the numbers increasing as you head west from the river, and even numbers run west-east, increasing as you head south (with some exceptions, e.g. the west side of the Boeung Kak lake). House numbers, however, are quite haphazard. Don't expect houses to be numbered sequentially in a street; you might even find two completely unrelated houses with the same number in the same street.

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About Cambodia Business

The Economy of Cambodia has seen rapid economic progress in the last decade. Per capita income, although rapidly increasing, is low compared with most neighbouring countries. The main domestic activity on which most rural households depend is agriculture and its related sub-sectors. Manufacturing output is varied but is not very extensive and is mostly conducted on a small-scale and informal basis. The service sector is heavily concentrated in trading activities and catering-related services. Cambodia has reported that oil and natural gas reserves have been found off-shore.

During 1995, the government implemented firm stabilization policies under difficult circumstances. Overall, macroeconomic performance was good. Growth in 1995 was estimated at 7% because of improved agricultural production (rice in particular). Strong growth in construction and services continued. Inflation dropped from 26% in 1994 to only 6% in 1995. Imports increased as a result of the availability of external financing. Exports also increased, due to an increase in log exports. With regard to the budget, both the current and overall deficits were lower than originally targeted.

After four years of solid macroeconomic performance, Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997-98 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and political infighting. Foreign investment and tourism fell off. Also, in 1998 the main harvest was hit by drought. But in 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, progress was made on economic reforms and growth resumed at 4%. The long-term development of the economy after decades of war remains a daunting challenge. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Recurring political instability and corruption within government discourage foreign investment and delay foreign aid. On the brighter side, the government is addressing these issues with assistance from bilateral and multilateral donors.

Foreign aid

Cambodia's emerging democracy has received strong international support. Under the mandate carried out by the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), $1.72 billion (1.72 G$) was spent in an effort to bring basic security, stability and democratic rule to the country. Regarding economic assistance, official donors had pledged $880 million at the Ministerial Conference on the Rehabilitation of Cambodia (MCRRC) in Tokyo in June 1992, to which pledges of $119 million were added in September 1993 at the meeting of the International Committee on the Reconstruction of Cambodia (ICORC) in Paris, and $643 million at the March 1994 ICORC meeting in Tokyo. To date, therefore, the total amount pledged for Cambodia's rehabilitation is approximately 12.3 G$.

Recent developments

2007 GDP (or gross monetarised product GMP)grew an estimated 18.6%, in line with the 2000/06 average of 9.5 percent. Garment exports rose almost 8%, tourist arrivals jumped nearly 35%, and construction activity doubled. With exports decelerating somewhat, the 2007 GDP growth was driven by consumption and investment. Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows reached US$600 million (7 percent of GDP), slightly more than the country received in official aid. Domestic investment, driven largely by the private sector, accounted for 23.4 percent of GDP. Approximately 2,860 new businesses registered for operation in 2007, a 71 percent increase over 2006.

Although risks have increased, economic prospects for 2008 remain strong. The projected 7.5 percent growth rate for 2008 reflects a mix of growth in services (mainly tourism) and construction combined with a slowdown in garment exports. Export growth, especially to the US, began to slow in late 2007 accompanied by stiffer competition from Vietnam and emerging risks (slowdown in the US economy and lifting of safeguards on China’s exports). Although exports of cash crops have grown fast in recent years, developments in the garment industry have a major impact on Cambodia’s export performance. On the other hand, Cambodia’s exporters might benefit from the depreciation of the dollar. Another risk is uncertainties in the construction sector.

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Places to visit in Cambodia

Phnom Penh                                                       

A Buddhist shrine in the 14th century, Cambodia's capital in the 15th and the French colonial center in the 19th , Phnom Penh's heritage is rich and varied. Today visitors find a bustling, multicultural city at the confluence of the historic Mekong, Tonle Sap and Bassac Rivers. Phnom Penh has many places of exceptional interest for those with time enough to appreciate the city's attractions. Visit the Silver Pagoda of the Royal Palace, the National Museum of Arts has paintings, artifacts and sculpture dating back centuries and Wat Phnom, the temple from which the city takes its name, is a fascinating starting point for the discovery of the city's past.

Sime Reap (ANGKOR)                                           

(320 km from Phnom Penh)

Siem Reap is the center of Angkor. It is here where the ancient people of Khmer constructed one of the greatest monuments. Angkor Wat. But it is not just the temples that make this town attractive. Visit the Tonle Sap lake with its floating villages, where you can explore the traditional Khmer way of life or the national park of Preak Tuol where you can find unique birds. A one day excursion takes you to Phnom Kulen, where on weekends hundreds of Khmers pilgrim to a temple on the mountain top.

Phnom Chisor

(57 km from Phnom Penh)

Visit the temple Suryagiri constructed by Suriavarman I. in the 11th century. Great view over the country side from the top of this hill. Situated in the province of Takeo.

Sihanoukville

(230 km from Phnom Penh)

The only deep-sea port in Cambodia is in Sihanoukville. The town was constructed by the French as a present for the King. With its sandy beaches it is the perfect place for swimming, scuba diving or just for taking a sunbath. Take a boat to visit one of the many island nearby. Hotels and restaurants serve fresh seafood.

Phnom Da & Angkor borei

(79 km from Phnom Penh)

The temple of Phnom Da (mid 6th century) was the last religious center of the Kingdom of Funan (Baphuon). Another very interesting temple just beside Phnom Da is Asram Maharosei an Indian-style laterite temple. There is a museum in Angkor Borei, showing objects of the Baphuon period. To get there, the visitors enjoy a boat ride along an old water channel from the 6th century.

Kompong Cham

(123 km from Phnom Penh)

The city Kompong Cham is the second largest in Cambodia. The city has a warm French colonial atmosphere. This is why Kompong Cham was once called "The city of gardens". Visit the port and some wats such as Wat Nokhor from the 13th century.

Ratanakiri

Situated on the mountainous northeastern corner of Cambodia, Ratankiri Province is considered an eco-tourism capital of Cambodia due to its rich sources of jungle, wildlife, waterfalls, and spectacular scenery. The province is also home to some ethnic minority groups whose tribal lifestyle is somehow another attraction to foreign visitors. The most famous tourist site of the province is Yeak Laom volcanic lake, a perfect bathing spot that is renowned for its exceptionally clear water, hosting tens of thousands of tourists every year despite the 586 kilometers of dreadful road from Phnom Penh. The provincial capital of Ratanakiri is Banlung City where restaurants, markets, and hotels are available

Mondulkiri

Mondulkiri is an eastern province of Cambodia, bordered by Ratanakiri to the north, Vietnam to the east and southeast, Kratie to the southwest and west, and shares a very small border with Stung Treng to the north. It is the most remote and sparely populated province with the total inhabitants of some 36000, and 80 percent of which is made of ten different tribal minorities, with the majority of Phnong. A base at the provincial capital of Sen Monorom is recommended during your visit in Mondulkiri as there are easy accesses to restaurants and guest houses. The province’s appeal lies on the perfect weather and the stunning view of long grassy hills, dense forests, wildlife and majestic waterfalls, which all help earn Mondulkiri the candidateship of Cambodia’s eco-tourism. 

Koh Kong 

Koh Kong is most likely known to travelers either coming from or going to Thailand by land. The province is located in the southwest corner of the country and bordered by Thailand to the west, Pursat to the north, Komong Speu to the east, and Kampot and Sihanouk Ville to the southeast. What is unique about this province is the fact that its populated number has increased continually over the last few decades. This factuality no doubts results from migrants attracted from other parts of the country who choose to lay their lives on this busily booming frontier zone. Though it rightly remains a transit stop, the vast availability of its tourist appeal such as the amazing beaches, waterfalls, and striking landscape are likely to turn Koh Kong a tourist destination.

Preah Vihear

Bordered by Thailand, Preah Vihear remains underdeveloped owing to the poor infrastructure. This remote province is accessible by road only and either via Oddar Meanchey province from the west or via Kompong Thom from the south. Nevertheless, it is fortunate enough to be the heir of Prasat Preah Vihear, Koh Ker, and Preah Khan temple. Though the accessibility to the 3 sites is not convenient, there are great many of determined travelers visiting these Ankorian temples, especially Preah Vihear temple, which was recently designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

Battambang

Battambang is a province of Cambodia that is nestled in the northwest of the country and bordered with Thailand. Known as the largest rice-producing province, its economy lies heavily on the agricultural industry. Once there, you will have chance to explore the Banan temples nearby the town where serves as a nice base during your visiting. There are varieties of appealing sites ranging from magnificent temples to waterfalls. If to specify the most popular place of Battambang, it would be nationally agreed to opt Kamping Poy Lake, a perfect swimming spot hosting countless locals every weekend.

Kompot
About 150 kilometers away from the capital of Phnom Penh, Kompot is considered one of the winning tourist destinations of Cambodia. This quiet town is most famous for many features, one of which is the reputable produce of the best pepper in the country. Another contribution is the fact that the seafood there (imported from the nearby Kep town) is fresh, plentiful and delicious; the bottom line is it is cheap. Besides, this beach town is also known to possess tourist charming places like Bokor National Park, one of the country’s most preserved area, the scenic two-tier waterfall of Popokvil Falls and the popular bathing spot of Tek Chhouu Falls, not to mention many unspoilt islands and the beach resort of Kep that is only miles away to visit.

Kep

Kep is one of the four cities of Cambodia. The economy is quite strong thanks to the fresh seafood available at the sea making Kep an active trading town. Unfortunately, should you seek the “sand, sea, sun” there might be a little disappointment as its beaches are less enjoyable with mangrove and black rock rather than white-sand beach. A short boat ride to the breathtaking Rabbit Island, however, would pay well. Rabbit Island is currently under the development project owing to the combination of its white sandy beach with shallow water and the resource of varied fish, plant and coral, which all make ecology research possible. 

Banteay Meanchey

One of the Cambodia’s newest provinces, formed during 1980s, Banteay Meanchey is considered a well off province, thanks to the border shared with Thailand. The niche is found at Poipet, a town treated as the Las Vegas of Cambodia. There has been an increasing number of casinos in Poipet while gambling is prohibited in Thailand, which makes this bordering zone a lively pass-by. Taking tourism into account, the most popular site would be Banteay Chhmar, a massive temple built by the greatest king Jayavarman VII.  It will be the right place to explore for any traveler whose interest is more than what Siem Reap offers. 

Pailin

Pailin is the smallest city among the Cambodia’s 4 cities. Following the footprint of Poipet, Pailin is home to though not as many as in Poipet some casinos that are enjoying fruits of profit, most of which is from Thai gamblers. There are also attractive places to visit in this lively tiny city, and the best example is Phnom Khieu Waterfall. Stretching along the lower reaches of Chuor Phnom Kravanh, this swimming hole is about 20 km away from the town to the southwest. The site may promise to make the city worth visiting.  

Oddar Meanchey

Oddar Meanchey is definitely the newest province of Cambodia’s; it gains little concern from the government though. Only few attractions are available in this remote province; therefore, not many visitors come to this town besides some determined souls who is curious to witness the former Khmer Rough town of Anlong Veng. Once being the Khmer Rough strongholds, Anlong Veng was home to the most notorious leaders of the Dark Period such as Pol Pot, (died in 1988,) Nuon Chea, Khieu Samphan, and Ta Mok(died in Calemet hospital in 2006). Anlong Veng is now a 100 percent safe place to visit with spectaular view of dense forest, especially some area around the ride of Chuor Phnom Dang Rek. 

Kompong Thom

This province is very large in size with some 13,814 km2 making it the second biggest province of Cambodia. It is known as the historical and cultural site to explore with the presence of the pre-Ankorian temples. One of all to get mentioned is the 7th-century Sambor Prei Kuk, which is considered the most impressive archeological site after Ankor Siem Reap. Another popular scene is Phnom Son Tuk Resort, the most sacred mountain of the region.  Phnom Son Tuk is located on top of the mountain; in other words, you have 980 stairs to claim. There is a big worship hall that is made of stone with red-tile roofed and decorated by the genius Khmer architectural style with many statues of Buddhist surrounding 

Svay Rieng 

This seems to be the most inadequate province in terms of the poor infrastructure, infertile soil, and passive trading. Svay Rieng is also notoriously famous for the highest crime rates due to the scarcity of the daily income as most of the locals are basely living on farming and fishing. All in all, Svay Rieng, not surprisingly, is necessarily easy to get recognized as the poorest province of Cambodia. By the way, anywhere to visit? Yes, of course. Like other provinces, Svay Rieng is worth a visit thanks to the spectacular view of the country shaped by the landscape of complex forest.

Kandal

Almost completely surrounding what is national capital city of Phnom Penh, Kandal covers the land area of 3,568 km2, with the population density of 301.3 inha./ km2. Sharing the long border with Phnom Penh, Kandal easily wins the most day trips from travelers due to its many convenient accessible tourist destinations ranging from the historical scene to the beautifully shaped landscape of mountainous area. Some attractions worth mentioning includes Phnom Udong, Kean Svay resort, Phnom Prasit, and so on.

Kratie

The most remarkable thing about Kratie is the fact that it is the only place in Cambodia allowing us to witness the freshwater Irrawaddy dolphins. Kratie is approximately 315km far from Phnom Penh and seems to straddle on the half way between Phnom Penh and Rattanakiri, which makes a good base to visit the remote eastern Rattanakiri. Kratie residents, not much different from other Cambodians, are mostly living on substantial farming and fishing  Despite the unpleasant road to Kratie, it is still worth a visit, again, thanks to the natural resource of the uncommonly freshwater dolphins.

Stung Treng

This is one of the most isolated provinces of Cambodia with some 415km distant from Phnom Penh. There are some 25,000 inhabitants in Stung Treng most of which are farmer. And the majority of the locals take the advantages from the Tonle Sap Lake to enjoy the stable profitability of freshwater fish that leaves the province known as an active trading town. In spite of being less concerned about, Stung Treng offers some tourist sites such Thala Boravit, Ou Pong Moan, Koh Khsach Resort, and so on so forth. 

Prey Veng

Covering the land area of 4,883 km², Prey Veng constitutes 2.70% of the total land area of Cambodia (181,035km2) It is 90 km separated between Phnom Penh and Prey Veng, and the best way to reach there is being on bus from the capital Central Market to Neak Luong and then after crossing on the ferry, taking a one-dollar-drive with a share taxi to the provincial town.  Remember, Kampong Cham is a must-alternative pass by during the wet season as the road is usually accessible to only motorbikes. In spite of the shortage of tourist attractions, the province, wearing a historical look, deserves a stop thanks to the presence of the evidently ruined temple of Preah Vihear Chann at Ba Phnom, a religious site believed to have been the birthplace of Funan Khmer.

Takeo

Takeo is best described as the oldest province rich in tourist destinations, and specifically in historic of the era of Anachak Phnom and Chenla. Simply being close to the capital city of Phnom Penh, Takeo easily wins the most numbers of day trips. Not only is Takeo home to the legacy of the six ancient temples, but also home to some often-visited resorts such as Tonle Bati, Phnom Ta Mao(zoo,) Chi So mountain, Neang Khmao Temple, and many more. 

Pursat

Pursat would have been mentioned less without the tomb of a Khmer national hero Kleang Meung, who sacrificed his life and defeated the Thais in a battle in 1482. Pursat seems to have fewer resorts to describe than other provinces, we therefore hardly see the tourists besides those who stop for lunch and continue to Battambang. Most of the locals, same old story, basely live on farming and fishing, while some involve in manual work in marble carving what is uniquely present in Pursat.  

Kompong Chhnang

Kompong Chhang covers the land area of 5,521 km2 with some 418,000 inhabitants. It is considered one of the provinces with fewest tourist attractions. Kompong Chhnang, as its name suggests is famous of its unique symbol of claypots (Chhnang in Khmer) largely produced by the locals and sold throughout Cambodia. The province sometimes makes a day-trip destination to travelers due to short distance from the capital city. Surrounded by water for most of the time, the town is home to many floating villages along the river as well as some tremendously ruined temples. Given that, a boat trip is the most convenient means to snap all those all. 

Komong Spue 

Sharing a long border with Kandal, Kompong Spue is approximately 40 km southeast away from Phnom Penh. The province’s economy is quite good including the tourism field. The main attraction is Ampe Phnom, a natural and cultural site of the province. Once there, visitors will have chance to swim in the stream and enjoy the relaxing lunch on the cottages above the stream. But, attention, do not ever leave any belongings unattended as you will risk your valuables against the inhuman thieves (monkey) who usually claim down from the trees to take things away.

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